Friday a week ago, one of our members had to deal with an emergency that, to my knowledge, we haven’t trained people for.
Paul De Zan, a student pilot, had been flying a Citabria in the pattern when the throttle stuck full open as he leveled off at 800 feet. After a moment of self-confessed confusion, Paul did an excellent job of sorting out the situation. He first noticed that neither the sound nor the RPM decreased when he pulled the throttle. He checked to verify that it was the throttle he was pulling, not the carb heat (which in a Citabria is just below the throttle, and feels very much like it). He then pushed and pulled the throttle through its entire range of motion several times to see if there was ANY effect. There was not. Paul called the tower and told them he had a problem.
Our typical training scenario is engine failure and the subsequent forced landing, but what do you do when you have full power? It’s great for climbing, not so good for cruise, and horrid for landing. So, what do you do?
At this point, Paul had already done several things right (and none wrong). He continued to fly the plane, he had done some basic diagnostics, and he had called to report the problem. The follow-through was excellent, as well. Paul decided that he needed less power in order to land, and turned off the mags.
Some of our more experienced pilots might wonder if pulling the mixture wouldn’t have been a better choice, but the choice isn’t all that obvious. On the positive side, the mags can be turned back on with relative ease, and much more certainty. On the negative side, a few cycles of the engine with the mags off runs the risk of unburned fuel in the exhaust system and the possibility of backfire. The argument in favor of pulling the mixture, on the other hand is that it’s certainly going to cause no engine problems, but with a messed up throttle wire, was there a possibility that the mixture cable was similarly suspect? There is also an unknown length of delay from the time the mixture knob is pushed in until power returns.
In addition, Paul noted that there was substantially more drag with the prop wind-milling rather than idling. As an aside, the least-drag configuration is when the prop is stopped. In the case of a student pilot, with high drag, and the pucker factor well up on the scale, it’s worth a lot to be assured of getting power back in case you undershoot the runway a bit. How confident are you that, in a stressful situation, you could pull the mixture and make the runway if you’re unable to restart the engine? Sure, we train for that, but it’s interesting what a quart or two of adrenalin will do to judgment and technique.
Back to the case at hand – Paul landed the plane successfully at PAO with no damage to the plane. He did say that it was a bit odd looking at the prop stuck out there not spinning on short final and on the rollout. His momentum allowed him to clear the runway, and the County folks helped him tow the plane back to West Valley.
Subsequent analysis showed that the throttle cable had broken inside the housing. The Citabria has a spring on the carburetor, which takes the throttle to full open. Interestingly, that’s the common failure mode in other carburetors as well, even those without the spring. The air flowing through the carb tends to open the throttle.
Paul gets special thanks from both the club and from the owner for his maturity, good judgment and technique in handling an emergency that could easily have had far worse results.
The Chief’s Corner
by Don Styles, Chief Pilot
Tires? What do they do for us and how can we ensure that we will be safe with the use of them? Do we need to make that first turn off or practice short field landings with excessive braking as we would with a real sort field situation? What part of the runway do you land on?
Tires should last about 100 to 200 hours depending on the type of use. Normal wear is even wearing around the tire or wear on one side due to the canter of tire.
Proper inflation is important both for safety and shock absorption. Have you ever thought what would happen if one of those tires went flat at the point of landing? At 60 knots it might be a problem.
What are we trying to prove by making the first the first turn off? Are we trying to impress the tower, the person on the bench, other pilots or trying to expedite for some one who has not afforded himself sufficient room? Is it worth hard braking and chancing a blow out?
I have 6 flat tire member observations that I am working on where the tire is burned to the cord. This can only mean that someone has locked up the brakes for some reason. Unlike automotive tires, aircraft tires are so soft they will blow out if locked up even once. These pilots have endangered themselves; cost themselves the cost of the tire and labor to put it on. It has cost the owner lost revenue.
What place on the runway should we touch down on? The first 1/3. Why? It precludes the need to use brakes to stop and allows us to do aerodynamic slow down instead.
The moral of this is land in the first one third of the runway. After landing you are doing only two things: holding centerline and slowing to a safe taxi speed. Only once these have been achieved should you start looking for the runway exit. Give yourself sufficient time to dissipate your speed and take whatever turn off is next.
The person’s lack of planning behind you is not your emergency. The towers lack of planning is not your emergency.
Don’t let your high or fast approach become an emergency. One may always do a go around and prepare better for the next one. Landing long or turning off at the first taxi way is not the best procedure. Plan ahead! Fly safely!
First Person Accident Report #2
(Continued from August Flyer)
The consequences include a $2,500 insurance deductible, some remediation training, and writing this note to you all so that as much good as possible can come of this event. I think the club’s been reasonable, fair, and understanding, but the whole incident was unfortunate.
So let’s tally up the “would’ves, could’ves, should’ves:”
- I did not have to park in the far corner, there were plenty of open spots free of obstructions;
- I should have followed club policy and pushed back into place, not taxiied;
- I should have been extra vigilant in an unfamiliar environment, especially at night;
- I should have been paying equal attention to both wingtips as I taxiied around;
- I could have used my flashlight to clear the entire area of obstructions; and
- I should not have let down my concentration until the flight was truly over.
GAS TAG REMINDER
Club members will be reimbursed for fuel (plus fuel taxes) that are purchased for Club aircraft. You must provide the original receipts; credit card statements for the charge will only be accepted if the fuel machine did not print a receipt.
The following information must be included on each gas tag:
- Your WVFC member number
- N-number of the aircraft
- Date of the fuel purchase. (Receipts submitted more than 60 days after the rental period will not be reimbursed.)
- Number of gallons purchased
There are currently over a dozen recent gas tags sitting in the Club files because they are missing the above information. Don’t lose out on your reimbursement! Make sure that the gas tag information is complete.
Trinidad Joining WVFC Flight Line
WVFC is pleased to be adding an elegant Trinidad to our rental line. For those of you who are not familiar with this airplane, it is a fantastic high performance, 4 place single. Some of the basic attributes of the type include:
- 50 horsepower Lycoming IO-540
- High speed cruise of 154Kts
- 4 place interior (more like a recent model car interior than most GA planes)
- Retractable gear
- Outstanding useful load
The aircraft we’re adding to the line (N52JG) has a custom paint job, 4 place leather interior and an outstanding set of avionics, including an IFR approved GPS. A partial list of the avionics and features of this aircraft include:
Avionics
- S-TEC 60-2 Autopilot system featuring altitude hold, couplers to heading and nav source (GPS, ILS, VOT, Backcourse).
- S-TEC 140 Altitude/Vertical speed preselect
- Complete Bendix/King Avionics stack including a KCS-55A Slaved HSI and a KLN-89B GPS (Certified for IFR Approaches)
- WX-1000 Stormscope
- 4 Place Intercom
Other Features
- Custom Light Grey Base over White Base with Red trim stripes (January 1996)
- Deluxe four place interior featuring Grey leather seats and Grey and Black weave carpet (January 1996)
- 3 Blade McCauley Black Mac Propeller
This plane carries the same checkout requirements as our other high performance singles:
- Total time: 200 hours
- Retractable time: 25 hours
- Time in Model: 10 hours or a 5 hour minimum checkout
This is a wonderful cross country aircraft and a great IFR platform. Contact Steve Finnie (other CFIs will become qualified soon) or the front desk for a checkout.
WVFC Spot Landing Contest
Attention club members! Sharpen (and show off) your landing skills! Come out and mix it up at South County airport on Saturday, October 13th. Only the best landings will win!
The Pilot Categories are:
- Student Pilot (with appropriate endorsements)
- Private Pilot with less than 500 hours
- Unlimited (any WVFC member, including instructors)
Remember, the event is limited to the first 25 WVFC pilots who register!
Event details:
Date: Saturday, October 13th
Time: 10 am to 6 pm
Place: South County Airport (Q99)
Entry Fee: $50.00 (includes polo shirt)
Participant Limit: 25 pilots
Water and soft drinks will be provided.
Food is on your own!
Judging Criteria:
- Approach is stabilized and on glideslope
- On runway centerline
- Accuracy – distance from designated touchdown spot
- Zero lateral drift on touchdown
- Nose straight on touchdown (no crab)
- Soft field technique
The cumulative score will be the average of 3 landings. One go-around will be allowed without penalty. Additional go-arounds will not disqualify the pilot, but a point penalty will be applied.
A special award will be given to the pilot with the worst cumulative score. The award will consist of 1 hour of free CFI time in the pattern working on landings. The pilot will be responsible for covering the cost of the aircraft. The winner of this award will not be published. The judges have the final say and there will be no whining!